B formal election process
C specific leadership training
D traditional cultural patterns
38. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group
B Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person
C A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.
D Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.
39. In mentioning “natural leaders” in line 8, the author is making the point that
A few people qualify as “natural leaders”.
B there is no proof that “natural leaders” exist.
C “natural leaders” are easily accepted by the members of a group.
D “natural leaders” share a similar set of characteristics
40. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on
A ensuring harmonious relationships.
B sharing responsibility with group members.
C identifying new leaders.
D achieving a goal.