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20. What is the author’s attitude towards the technique of cloning?
A. In favor of cloning both animals and humans.
B. In favor of cloning animals but not humans.
C. In favor of cloning humans but not animals.
D. In favor of neither cloning animals nor humans.
Text 5
Legend has it that the first credit card was born in 1950 over lunch at a Manhattan restaurant when Alfred Bloomingdale and his colleague Francis McNamara dreamed up the idea of creating a third party to cover checks at restaurants. They called it Diners Club. But the scheme faced a "chicken-and-egg problem". Consumers didn’t want card until stores accepted it, and merchants wouldn’t accept it until consumers carried it.
To solve the problem, and to work around federal laws that prevented banks from operating across state lines, banks joined together to form "network joint ventures", such as Visa and MasterCard. Under these arrangements, some member banks recruited consumers, others recruited merchants. The banks on both ends earned fees, and they shared the costs of maintaining the networks.
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