gross considerations (expense-loaded premiums);
expense-loaded liabilities (reserves);
asset shares.
Extending present-value-of-benefit, present-value-of-loss-at-issue, present-value-of-future-loss random variables and liabilities to discrete-time Markov Chain models, calculate
actuarial present values of cash flows at transitions between states;
actuarial present values of cash flows while in a state;
considerations (premiums) using the Equivalence Principle;
liabilities (reserves) using the prospective method.
Note: Concepts, principles and techniques needed for Exam M are covered in the references listed below. Candidates and professional educators may use other references, but candidates should be very familiar with the notation and terminology used in the listed references.
Texts
Introduction to Probability Models (Eighth Edition), 2003, by Ross, S.M., Chapter 5, Sections 5.3.1, 5.3.2 (through Definition 5.1), 5.3.3, 5.3.4 (through Example 5.14 but excluding Example 5.13), Proposition 5.3 and the preceding paragraph, Example 5.18, 5.4.1(up to example 5.23), 5.4.2 (excluding Example 5.25), 5.4.3, and Exercise 40.