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发布时间：2006-06-23 22:07     点击：

Within the general liberal view of democratic citizenship,tensions have developed over the degree to which government can and should be used as an instrument for promoting happiness and well-being.Political philosopher Martin Diamond has categorized two views of democracy as follows.On one hand,there is the “libertarian” perspective that stresses the private pursuit of happiness and emphasizes the necessity for restraint on government and protection of individual liberties.On the other hand,there is the “majoritarian” view that emphasizes the “task of the government to uplift and aid the common man against the malefactors of great wealth.”The tensions between these two views are very evident today.Taxpayer revolts and calls for smaller government and less government regulation clash with demands for greater government involvement in the economic marketplace and the social sphere.

18.The author's primary purpose is to____ .

A. contrast different notions of citizenship

B.introduce means of redressing an imbalance of power

C.study ancient concepts of citizenship

D.criticize modern libertarian democracy

19.It can be inferred from the passage that the Greek word polis means.

A.private club B.political community

C.family life D.military service

TEXT C

About the Book Black Fiction

Roger Rosenblatt's book Black Fiction,in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject,successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies.As Rosenblatt notes,criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history.Addison Gayle's recent work,for example,judges the value of Black Fiction by overly political standards,rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.

20.The author of the passage objects to criticism of Black Fiction like that by Addison Gayle because it ____.

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