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发布时间：2006-06-23 17:05     点击：

　　Protein synthesis begins when the gene encoding a protein is activated. The gene's sequence of nucleotides is transcribed into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA), which reproduces the information contained in that (5) sequence. Transported outside the nucleus to the cyto- plasm, the mRNA is translated into the protein it encodes by an organelle known as a ribosome, which strings together amino acids in the order specified by the sequence of elements in the mRNA molecule. Since the (10) amount of mRNA in a cell determines the amount of the corresponding protein, factors affecting the abundance of mRNA's play a major part in the normal functioning of a cell by appropriately regulating protein synthesis. For example, an excess of certain proteins can cause cells (15) to proliferate abnormally and become cancerous; a lack of the protein insulin results in diabetes.

　　Biologists once assumed that the variable rates at which cells synthesize different mRNA's determine the quantities of mRNA's and their corresponding proteins (20) in a cell. However, recent investigations have shown that the concentrations of most mRNA's correlate best, not with their synthesis rate, but rather with the equally vari- able rates at which cells degrade the different mRNA's in their cytoplasm. If a cell degrades both a rapidly and (25) a slowly synthesized mRNA slowly, both mRNA's will accumulate to high levels.

　　1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing the

　　(A) influence of mRNA concentrations on the development of red blood cells

　　(B) role of the synthesis and degradation of mRNA in cell functioning

　　(C) mechanism by which genes are transcribed into mRNA

　　(D) differences in mRNA concentrations in cell nuclei and in the cytoplasm

　　(E) way in which mRNA synthesis contributes to the onset of diabetes

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