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　　A third theory, proposed by Wynne-Edwards and termed "epideictic," argues that organisms have evolved a "code"in the form of social or epideictic behavior (40) displays, such as winter-roosting aggregations or group vocalizing; such codes provide organisms with infor- mation on population size in a region so that they can, if necessary, exercise reproductive restraint. However, wynne-Edwards' theory, linking animal social behavior (45) and population control, has been challenged, with some justification, by several studies.

　　1. The primary purpose of the passage is to

　　(A) argue against those scientists who maintain that animal populations tend to fluctuate

　　(B) compare and contrast the density-dependent and epideictic theories of population control

　　(C) provide example of some of the ways in which animals exercise reproductive restraint to control their own numbers

　　(D) suggests that theories of population control that concentrate on the social behavior of animals are more open to debate than are theories that do not

　　(E) summarize a number of scientific theories that attempt to explain why animal populations do not exceed certain limits

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that proponents of the density-dependent theory of population control have not yet been able to

　　(A) use their theory to explain the population growth of organisms with short life cycles

　　(B) reproduce the results of the study of Christian and Davis

　　(C) explain adequately why the numbers of a population can increase as the population's rate of growth decreases

　　(D) make sufficiently accurate predictions about the effects of crowding

　　(E) demonstrate how predator populations are themselves regulated

　　3. Which of the following, if true, would best support the density-dependent theory of population control as it is described in the passage?

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