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(E) The best source of information concerning the impact of an event as large as the Industrial Revolution is the private letters and journals of individuals.

13. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) evaluate one scholar s view of public attitudes toward the railroad in the United States from the early nineteenth to the early twentieth century.

(B) review the treatment of the railroad in American literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

(C) survey the views of cultural historians regarding the railroad s impact on major events in United States history.

(D) explore the origins of the public support for the railroad that existed after the completion of a national rail system in the United States

(E) define what historians mean when they refer to the "romantic-era distrust" of the railroad.

Three basic adaptive responses-regulatory, acclimatory, and developmental-may occur in organisms as they react to changing environmental conditions. In all three, adjustment of biological features (morphological adjustment) or of their use (functional adjustment) may occur. Regulatory responses involve rapid changes in the organism s use of its physiological apparatus-increasing or decreasing the rates of various processes, for example. Acclimation involves morphological change-thickening of fur or red blood cell proliferation-which alters physiology itself. Such structural changes require more time than regulatory response changes. Regulatory and acclimatory responses are both reversible.

14. The primary purpose of the passage is to

(A) illustrate an organism’s functional adaptive response to changing environmental conditions

(B) prove that organisms can exhibit three basic adaptive responses to changing environmental conditions

(C) explain the differences in form and function between micropterous and macropterous water bugs and analyze the effect of environmental changes on each

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