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发布时间：2006-06-22 13:18     点击：

　It is frequently assumed that the　mechanization of work has a　revolutionary effect on the lives of the　people who operate the new machines and on the society into which the　machines　have been introduced. For example, it　has been suggested that the employment　of women in industry took them out of　the household, their traditional sphere, and fundamentally altered their position　in society. In the nineteenth century,　when women began to enter factories,　Jules Simon, a French politician, warned　that by doing so, women would give up) their femininity. Friedrich Engels,　however, predicted that women would be　liberated from the "social, legal, and　economic subordination" of the family by　technological developments that made possible the recruitment of "the whole　female sex . . . into public industry."　Observers thus differed concerning the　social desirability of mechanization s　effects, but they agreed that it would transform women s lives.

　　Women s work has changed considerably in the past 200 years, moving from　the household to the office or the factory,　and later becoming mostly white-collar　instead of blue-collar work. Fundamentally, however, the conditions　under which women work have changed　little since before the Industrial　Revolution: the segregation of　occupations by gender, lower pay for women as a group, jobs that require　relatively low levels of skill and offer　women little opportunity for advancement　all persist, while women s household　labor remains demanding. Recent historical investigation has led to a　major revision of the notion that　technology is always inherently　revolutionary in its effects on society.　Mechanization may even have slowed any change in the traditional position of　women both in the labor market and in　the home.

　　Which of the following statements　best summarizes the main idea of the　passage?

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