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艺复兴”,Native American Renaissance)对于许多人来说,代表着体验土著美洲
诗歌的首次机会。对美国印第安人传统口头文学的欣赏,一直被质量低劣的翻译所
限制和妨碍,并且即使是那种不可多得的既体现着文化敏感性,又在美学上令人满
意的译作,也难以完全传递出原作的诗体结构、语调和句法。
通过用英语来写作,并尝试实验欧洲文学形式,当代美国印第安作家们得以拓
宽了其潜在的读者对象,而与此同时,又明显保留了其祖先口头传统的许多本质特
征。例如,荣膺普利策奖(Pulitzer Prize)的作者N.Scott Momaday的诗作经常
以一种令人联想起英国浪漫派诗歌的方式来处理艺术与死亡此类主题;而与此同
时,他那充满诗意的对自然界力量之威力的反应,则令人联想起彻罗基(Cherokee)
口头文学。同样地,他的小说(一种源于欧洲的艺术形式)展示出一种力度,可谓
是与十九世纪美国伟大的印第安酋长的恢宏的演说风格有异曲同工之妙。
Recent findings suggest that visual
signals are fed into at least three
separate processing systems in the
brain, each with its own distinct
(5) function. One system appears, to
process information about shape
perception; a second, information
about color; a third, information
about movement,location,and spatial
(10) organization. An understanding of
the functions and capabilities of
these three systems can shed light
on how artists manipulate materials
to create surprising visual effects.
(15) It is possible to summarize the
functions of the three subsystems
of the visual system as follows.
The parvo system carries highly
detailed information about stationary
(20) objects and about borders that are
formed by contrasting colors. It
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